Cloudy pleural fluid.
Air-fluid level on chest x-ray.
Fluid pH less than 7.0.
Gram positive organisms on staining.
Question 2: Which of the following is true regarding the treatment of empyema?
Decortication is the first procedure of choice in a patient with empyema after lobectomy.
Thoracentesis and antibiotics are adequate treatment for an acute empyema.
Postpneumonectomy empyema usually occurs years after the original surgery.
Chronic empyema should be treated with closed drainage and continuous antibiotic irrigation.
Question 3: Which of the following is true for the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis?
It is usually due to a congenital defect of a structural type.
It is bilateral in about 50% of patients.
Massive hemoptysis is most common in pediatric patients.
Superior lobar segments are typically not involved.
Question 4: Which of the following is true regarding the etiology of lung abscess?
Hematologic seeding is the common mechanism for infection.
The posterior segment of the upper lobe and superior segment of the lower lobe on the right side are most commonly involved.
Periodic episodes of hemoptysis and foul sputum are uncommon.
Staph species are the predominant organism.
Question 5: Which of the following is an indication for surgical treatment of lung abscess?
Failure to resolve after 2 weeks of antibiotic therapy.
Multiple small bilateral abscesses in an immunocompromised patient.
Bronchopleural fistula.
Occasional hemoptysis.
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5