The anteroposterior diameter is greatest in normal adults.
The trachea begins directly below the vocal cords.
The thyroid isthmus crosses at the level of the 4th cartilaginous ring.
The anterior surface of the trachea is relatively free of significant vessels.
Lymphatic drainage is posterior via paraesophageal nodes.
Question 2: Which of the following statements is true regarding congenital tracheal lesions?
The most difficult aspect of tracheoesophageal fistula is the tracheal reconstruction.
Generalized tracheal hypoplasia is commonly associated with bronchial anomalies.
About 50% of vascular ring cases are associated with tracheal stenosis.
Congenital tracheal webs can be treated with endoscopic dilation or resection.
A palliative tracheostomy should be placed in an area of normal trachea to facilitate healing.
Question 3: Which of the following statements is true regarding tracheal neoplasms?
Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common primary tracheal tumor.
Cylindroma is aggressive and penetrates the tracheal wall early.
Tracheoesophageal fistula usually results from tracheal lesions eroding posteriorly into the esophagus.
Bronchogenic carcinoma is the most common secondary tracheal tumor requiring operation.
Recurrent laryngeal carcinoma at the tracheostomy site should be treated with radical resection and distal tracheostomy.
Question 4: Which of the following statements is true regarding tracheal injuries?
A closed-chest injury to the intrathoracic trachea should be treated by prolonged chest tube suction and drainage.
A stoma created too large is the principal cause of late tracheostomy strictures.
Low pressure cuffs have dramatically reduced the incidence of pressure necrosis injuries.
Most patients with post-intubation stenoses should be treated surgically with resection.
Laser therapy has equivalent result to surgical resection for usual stenoses.
Question 5: Which of the following statements is true regarding the resection and reconstruction of tracheal lesions?
The anterior collar incision is the best approach for almost all tracheal stenoses and for most lesions of the upper half of the trachea.
Complex carinal reconstructions are best performed via median sternotomy.
Cardiopulmonary bypass simplifies complex reconstructive techniques.
For upper half lesions, right lung and carinal mobilization is the preferred technique for additional length.
The trachea should be divided at the cartilaginous rings rather than between rings.
Question 6: Which of the following statements is true regarding the technique for tracheal operations?
Cervical flexion does not aid in lower half resection and mobilization.
Carinal reconstruction is most easily done by suturing both bronchi together and then anastomosing this unit to the trachea.
A mediastinal tracheostomy is best performed with adequate mobilization to bring the lower trachea up to the skin level.
It is preferable to place a tracheostomy low in children and young adults to protect against vocal cord injury.
A persistent stoma 3 to 6 months after decannulation should be closed surgically.
Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6 Question 1 Question 2 Question 3 Question 4 Question 5 Question 6