Francel TJ. Kouchoukos NT. A rational approach to wound difficulties after sternotomy: the problem. Ann Thorac Surg. 72(4):1411-8, 2001 Oct.

Francel TJ. Kouchoukos NT. A rational approach to wound difficulties after sternotomy: reconstruction and long-term results. Ann Thorac Surg. 72(4):1419-29, 2001 Oct.

Braxton JH. Marrin CA. McGrath PD. Ross CS. Morton JR. Norotsky M. Charlesworth DC. Lahey SJ. Clough RA. O'Connor GT. Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group. Mediastinitis and long-term survival after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Ann Thorac Surg. 70(6):2004-7, 2000 Dec.

Catarino PA. Chamberlain MH. Wright NC. Black E. Campbell K. Robson D. Pillai RG. High-pressure suction drainage via a polyurethane foam in the management of poststernotomy mediastinitis. Ann Thorac Surg. 70(6):1891-5, 2000 Dec.

Berg HF. Brands WG. van Geldorp TR. Kluytmans-VandenBergh FQ. Kluytmans JA. Comparison between closed drainage techniques for the treatment of postoperative mediastinitis. Ann Thorac Surg. 70(3):924-9, 2000 Sep.

Baskett RJ. MacDougall CE. Ross DB. Is mediastinitis a preventable complication? A 10-year review. Ann Thorac Surg. 67(2):462-5, 1999 Feb.

Milano CA. Georgiade G. Muhlbaier LH. Smith PK. Wolfe WG. Comparison of omental and pectoralis flaps for poststernotomy mediastinitis. Ann Thorac Surg. 67(2):377-80; discussion 380-1, 1999 Feb.

Bitkover CY. Gardlund B. Mediastinitis after cardiovascular operations: a case-control study of risk factors. Ann Thorac Surg. 65(1):36-40, 1998 Jan.

Mossad SB. Serkey JM. Longworth DL. Cosgrove DM 3rd. Gordon SM. Coagulase-negative staphylococcal sternal wound infections after open heart operations. Ann Thorac Surg. 63(2):395-401, 1997 Feb.

Anonymous. Risk factors for deep sternal wound infection after sternotomy: a prospective, multicenter study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 111(6):1200-7, 1996 Jun.

Loop FD. Lytle BW. Cosgrove DM. Mahfood S. McHenry MC. Goormastic M. Stewart RW. Golding LA. Taylor PC. J. Maxwell Chamberlain memorial paper. Sternal wound complications after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting: early and late mortality, morbidity, and cost of care. Ann Thorac Surg. 49(2):179-86; 1990 Feb.

Moore KH. McKenzie PR. Kennedy CW. McCaughan BC. Thymoma: trends over time. Ann Thorac Surg. 72(1):203-7, 2001 Jul.

Graeber GM. Tamim W. Current status of the diagnosis and treatment of thymoma. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 12(4):268-77, 2000 Oct.

Ferguson MK. Transcervical thymectomy. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 11(1):59-64, 1999 Jan.

Bril V. Kojic J. Ilse WK. Cooper JD. Long-term clinical outcome after transcervical thymectomy for myasthenia gravis. Ann Thorac Surg. 65(6):1520-2, 1998 Jun.

Regnard JF. Magdeleinat P. Dromer C. Dulmet E. de Montpreville V. Levi JF. Levasseur P. Prognostic factors and long-term results after thymoma resection: a series of 307 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 112(2):376-84, 1996 Aug.

Blumberg D. Port JL. Weksler B. Delgado R. Rosai J. Bains MS. Ginsberg RJ. Martini N. McCormack PM. Rusch V. Thymoma: a multivariate analysis of factors predicting survival. Ann Thorac Surg. 60(4):908-13; discussion 914, 1995 Oct.

Wilkins EW Jr. Grillo HC. Scannell JG. Moncure AC. Mathisen DJ. J. Maxwell Chamberlain Memorial Paper. Role of staging in prognosis and management of thymoma. Ann Thorac Surg. 51(6):888-92, 1991 Jun.

Economopoulos GC. Lewis JW Jr. Lee MW. Silverman NA. Carcinoid tumors of the thymus. Ann Thorac Surg. 50(1):58-61, 1990 Jul.

Fukai I. Masaoka A. Fujii Y. Yamakawa Y. Yokoyama T. Murase T. Eimoto T. Thymic neuroendocrine tumor (thymic carcinoid): a clinicopathologic study in 15 patients. Ann Thorac Surg. 67(1):208-11, 1999 Jan.

de Montpreville VT. Macchiarini P. Dulmet E. Thymic neuroendocrine carcinoma (carcinoid): a clinicopathologic study of fourteen cases. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 111(1):134-41, 1996 Jan.

Ricci C. Rendina EA. Venuta F. Pescarmona EO. Di Tolla R. Ruco LP. Guglielmi C. Anselmo AP. Mandelli F. Surgical approach to isolated mediastinal lymphoma. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 99(4):691-5, 1990 Apr.

Yellin A. Pak HY. Burke JS. Benfield JR. Surgical management of lymphomas involving the chest. Ann Thorac Surg. 44(4):363-9, 1987 Oct.

Knapp RH. Hurt RD. Payne WS. Farrow GM. Lewis BD. Hahn RG. Muhm JR. Earle JD. Malignant germ cell tumors of the mediastinum. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 89(1):82-9, 1985 Jan.

Bacha EA. Chapelier AR. Macchiarini P. Fadel E. Dartevelle PG. Surgery for invasive primary mediastinal tumors. Ann Thorac Surg. 66(1):234-9, 1998 Jul.

Wright CD. Kesler KA. Nichols CR. Mahomed Y. Einhorn LH. Miller ME. Brown JW. Primary mediastinal nonseminomatous germ cell tumors. Results of a multimodality approach. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 99(2):210-7, 1990 Feb.

Protopapas AD. Nicholson AG. Vini L. Harmer CL. Goldstraw P. Thoracic metastasectomy in thyroid malignancies. Ann Thorac Surg. 72(6):1906-8, 2001 Dec.

Mitchell JD. Donnelly RJ. Retrosternal thyroid. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 4(1):34-8, 1992 Jan.

Hall TS. Caslowitz P. Popper C. Smith GW. Substernal goiter versus intrathoracic aberrant thyroid: a critical difference. Ann Thorac Surg. 46(6):684-5, 1988 Dec.

Urschel JD, Horan TA. Mediastinoscopic treatment of mediastinal cysts. Ann Thorac Surg. 1994 Dec;58(6):1698-700.

Hazelrigg SR, Landreneau RJ, Mack MJ, Acuff TE. Thoracoscopic resection of mediastinal cysts. Ann Thorac Surg. 1993 Sep;56(3):659-60.

Bousamra M 2nd, Haasler GB, Patterson GA, Roper CL. A comparative study of thoracoscopic vs open removal of benign neurogenic mediastinal tumors. Chest. 1996 Jun;109(6):1461-5.

Reeder LB. Neurogenic tumors of the mediastinum. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000 Oct;12(4):261-7.

Kelemen JJ 3rd, Naunheim KS. Minimally invasive approaches to mediastinal neoplasms. Semin Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2000 Oct;12(4):301-6.

Demmy TL, Krasna MJ, Detterbeck FC, Kline GG, Kohman LJ, DeCamp MM Jr, Wain JC. Multicenter VATS experience with mediastinal tumors. Ann Thorac Surg. 1998 Jul;66(1):187-92.

Chapter 37: The Mediastinum. Glenn's Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (Baue, Geha, Hammond, Laks, and Naunheim), 6th ed., 643-664.