Bullous Emphysema and Pneumothorax Questions

The major sources of elastase in the lung are alveolar macrophages and polymorphonuclear cells.

Exposure to cigarette smoke increases levels of phagocyte-derived elastase through oxidative reduction.

Antitrypsin deficiency occurs via an autosomal recessive inheritance of the PiM phenotype.

Proximal acinar emphysema is typically associated with spontaneous pneumothorax.

Type B diffuse obstructive emphysema has a good long-term prognosis.

Question 2: Which of the following statements is true regarding diffuse obstructive emphysema?

Type A is associated with frequent and severe wheezing.

Cyanosis is common in both types.

Type B demonstrates pulmonary fibrosis on chest film.

Vital capacity is severely reduced in both types

Cor pulmonale is common with type A.

Question 3: Which of the following statements is true regarding spontaneous pneumothorax?

Primary spontaneous pneumothorax typically occurs in tall, thin, older adults.

Osteogenic sarcoma is the most common malignant cause of secondary spontaneous pneumothorax in children.

Catamenial pneumothorax typically occurs during the end of menses when a patient is taking oral contraceptives.

Hemothorax occurs in up to 20% of patients with spontaneous pneumothorax.

Pleurectomy is preferred over mechanical pleurodesis for recurrent pneumothorax.