The Cox-Maze procedure is an effective and successful method of surgical ablation. However, for lone atrial fibrillation cases, invasive sternotomy is not feasible. Patients with persistent atrial fibrillation can benefit by combining left atrial endocardial...
Redo coronary artery bypass grafting can be technically challenging, presenting the surgeon with the difficulty of sternal re-entry with patent grafts, more advanced coronary disease, and typically sicker patients. This...