Quadricuspid aortic valve (QAV) is a rare congenital cardiac defect that was first classified by Hurwitz and Roberts following autopsy studies in 1973 (1). Because of its rarity and characteristics, the natural history and long-term...
Coronary ostia re-implantation is a key stage of aortic root replacement. Currently, the button technique is the most widespread method, and is considered the standard approach. However, there are still...