Introduction In the 21st century, when video-assisted pulmonary resections are done safely and effectively throughout the world, it is easy to forget how recently lung surgery was extremely risky and often fatal. Although the major...
Tube thoracostomy is often the first step in the treatment of pneumothorax, hemothorax, hemopneumothorax, empyema, and pleural effusion. Although tube thoracostomy was not accepted as the standard of care for...