How to Perform an Upper Ministernotomy [1]

This video demonstrates Dr. Vince Gaudiani’s technique for performing an upper ministernotomy.
The manubrium was opened, followed by a horizontal osteotomy through the third intercostal space. Bone wax was used to dry the incision, and a small anodized retractor was placed initially without towels to allow for complete mobilization of the pericardium. The pericardium was then opened to the innominate vein and down to the diaphragm. Finally, the pericardium was tucked under the retractor for optimal visibility.
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