Rijks University Leiden, Medical School 1982-1990
Rijks University Leiden, Cardiothoracic Residency, 1990-1991
Cardiothoracic Residency, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany 1991-1995
Cardiothoracic Residency, Klinikum Krefeld, Germany, 1995-2003
Staff member cardiothoracic surgery, Klinikum Krefeld, Germany, 1996-2003
Consultant cardiothoracic surgery, Medisch Centrum Leeuwarden, Netherlands, 2003
off-pump surgery
coronary surgery
cardiac-valve surgery