University of Witwaterrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (M.D. 1978)
Edendale Hospital, Pietermartizburg, South Africa (General Surgery Internship 1979)
Edendal Hospital, Pietermartizburg, South Africa (Internal Medicine Internship 1979)
Edendale Hospital, Pietermartizburg, South Africa (OB & GYN Medical Officer 1980)
South African Military Service (Lieutenant, Aviation Medicine 1982)
Royal College of Surgeons, London, England (Basic Medical Sciences for Surgeons 1982)
Humana Hospital Wellington, London, England (Resident Medical Officer 1984)
Berkshire Medical Center University of Massachusetts (General Surgery Residency 1991)
Tulane University Medical Center (Cardiothoracic Fellowship 1993)