Glasgow University, Scotland, U.K. (M.B., Ch.B., 1976)
University Department of Surgery, Glasgow (1976-1977)
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, General Surgery Residency (1977-1982)
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Thoracic & Cardiovascular Surgery Residency (1982-1984)
Royal College of Surgeons, F.R.C.S., 1981
American Board of Surgery, 1983
American Board of Thoracic Surgery, 1987
American Board of Surgery--Recertification, 2001
American Board of Thoracic Sugery--Recertification, 2005
Coronary Artery Surgery
Quality Assurance in Heart Surgery
Surgery for Atrial Fibrillation
Valve Repair and Replacement