West Virginia University, 1971-1973
Johns Hopkins University, 1973-1975, B.A., 1975
Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1974-1978, M.D., 1978
Vanderbilt University, General Surgery Residency, 1978-1985
Vanderbilt University, Cardiothoracic Surgery Residency, 1985-1987
Faculty, University of Iowa, 1987-1990
Faculty, University of Michigan, 1990-1993
Faculty, University of Washington, 1993-2002
Private Practice, Phoenix, Arizona, 2002-2006
Private Practice, Medford, Oregon, 2006-present