Helsinki University (M.D. 1975)
Academic dissertation, Helsinki University 1992
General practitioner, Orimattila NHS (1975-77)
Registrar in surgery, PHKS Central Hosp., Lahti (1977-80)
Senior registr. in cardiothor.surg., Helsinki Univ. (1981-84)
Fellow in ped.card.surg., Brompton Hosp., London (1985)
Consult. ped.cardiothor. & tx-surg, Helsinki Univ. (1986-96)
Chief/ped.cardiothor. & tx-surg, Helsinki Univ. (1997)
Ph.D., Helsinki Univ. (1999)
Pediatric Transplantation Surgery
Registries in Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Late Follow-up of Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
Pediatric Cardiac Surgery