University of California, Irvine (B.S. 1979)
University of California, San Diego (M.D. 1983)
University of Rochester, Internship (1983-1984)
University of Rochester, Junior Residency (1984-1985)
Duke University, Research Fellowship (1985-1987)
University of Rochester, Senior & Chief Residency (1987-1989)
Duke University, Cardiothoracic Surgery Training (1989-1991)
University of Michigan, Assistant Professor (1991-1994)
Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery
Robotics