McGill University (B.Sc. 1976)
University of Iowa (M.D. 1981)
LA County-USC General Surgery Internship PGYI (1981-1982)
UC-Irvine General Surgery Residency PGYII (1982-1983)
Albany Medical College NIH Research Fellow (1983-1986)
Albany Medical College of Union University (PhD 1987)
Albany Medical College General Surgery Residency (1986-1989)
UC-San Francisco Thoracic Surgery Residency (1989-1991)
Nortwestern University Adv Cardiac Surgery Fellow (2010-2011)