Univ. of Pittsburgh- BS (1976)
Univ. of Pittsburgh- M.D. (1980)
Case Western Reserve University Hospitals (1981) (Surgical Internship)
Univ.of Texas at Houston (1981-1985) (General Surgery)
Medical Univ. of South Carolina (1985-1988) (Cardiothoracic)
Amer. Board of Surgery
Amer. Board of Thoracic Surgery
Added Qualifications Surgical Critical Care (ABS)
Fellow Amer. College of Surgery
Fellow Amer. College of Cardiology
University of Pittsburgh (Pittsburgh, Pa) (BS), University of Pittsburgh Medical School (Pittsburgh, Pa) (MD), Case Western Reserve University Hospitals (Cleveland, OH) (surgical internship), University of Texas at Houston (Houston, Tx) (general surgery residency), Medical University of South Carolinia (Charleston, SC) (cardiothoracic residency).