Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan (M.D. 1985)
U.S. Navy Hospital, Yokosuka, Japan, Internship (1985-6)
Hokkaido University, General and CT Surg Residency (Ph.D. 1990)
Mayo Clinic, Cardiopulmonary Transplant Fellowship (1990-1)
Mayo Clinic, Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Fellowship (1991-2)
St. Vincent Hp, Adult Cardiac Surgery Fellowship (1992-4)
Oregon Health Scieces University, General Surgery Residency (1994-7)
Oregon Medical Laser Center, Surgery Fellow (1997-9)
Northwest Permanente, P.C. (1998-9)
University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, CT Surgery Fellow (1999-2002)