Dartmouth College (A.B. cum laude 1967)
Dartmouth Medical School (B.M.S. cum laude 1968)
Harvard Medical School (M.D. cum laude 1970)
Massachusetts General Hospital Surgical Internship (1970-1971)
United States Navy (1971-1973)
Massachusetts General Hospital Surgical Residency (1973-1977)
Children's Hospital Medical Center Boston Cardiovascular Surgical Residency (1977)
Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cardiac Surgery Staff Associate (1978)
Massachusetts General Hospital Chief Resident Thoracic Surgery (1979)
Blood Management and Autologous Transfusion
International Health