University of MIchigan (B.S. 1981)
Rush Medical College (M.D. 1985)
Emanuel/Kaiser General Surgical Residency (1985-1990)
Kaiser- San Francisco - Adult Cardiac Surgery Fellowship (1990-1)
Yale University - Cardiothoracic Transplantation Fellowship (1991-2)
University of Southern California Cardiothoracic Residency (1992-1995)