Open-Chest Surgery in the Era of Fast-Track Management

In an era of VATS surgery this is a very interesting article documenting advanced in thoracotomy and open chest surgery. 
It shows us that open surgeons are also significantly improving their techniques, and the very large postero-lateral thoracotomy with rib cutting and costo-transverse ligament division may in most cases be replaced by muscle sparing and smaller incision techniques while still allowing a full open operation. 
This is a very courageous and interesting article, and we should all acknowledge that modern thoracotomy is very different from the thoracotomies of the past. 
 
Well done Dr Navarro.