Challenges of Conventional and Novel Approaches to Clinical Trial Designs in Cardiovascular Medicine

In this article, the authors review the main limitations of conventional randomized controlled trial designs, present basic concepts of statistical analysis, and highlight features of novel designs and how they may address some of the problems faced by previous trial designs. Furthermore, the authors review the strengths and limitations of both conventional and novel trial designs, providing a general description of current topics with a focus on treatment comparisons in the field of cardiovascular research.