Clinical Staging of Stage I Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in the Netherlands—Need for Improvement in an Era With Expanding Nonsurgical Treatment Options: Data From the Dutch Lung Surgery Audit

The authors examined the concordance of clinical and pathological staging using prospectively collected data from the Dutch Lung Surgery Audit, examining patients with clinical stage I disease.  Among 1,555 patients, the concordance of cTNM and pTNM was 60%.  22.6% of patients were upstaged after resection, .  The difference was more evident in patients with T2a tumors.