Extracardiac Signs of Fluid Overload in the Critically Ill Cardiac Patient: A Focused Evaluation Using Bedside Ultrasound

Appropriate perioperative fluid management is of increasing interest for the team caring for  the critically ill cardiac patient as fluid overload has been shown to have negative effects on organ function.  The Authors provide the reader with practical ultrasonographic techniques to examine patients for signs of extracardiac fluid overload and how to use this information to tailor management for the patient in a cardiac ICU.