Long-term follow-up after first-line bronchoscopic therapy in patients with bronchial carcinoids

The authors describe results of initial bronchoscopy therapy (IBT) for endobronchial carcinoids aimed at relieving obstruction, accurate subtyping, and potentially complete eradication.  After a minimum follow-up of 5 years, 42% of patients were spared surgical therapy, having had no evidence of local or distant recurrence (42/83 with typical histology, 5/29 with atypical histology).