Emory University 1964-1967,  Duke University School of Medicine 1967-1971 MD, New York Presbyterian Cornell Campus General Surgery Internship/Residency (1971-1973), USNavy Submarine Service (1973-1975) Naval Submarine Medical Research Laboratory (1974-1975), University of California, San Francisco General Surgery Residency (1975-1978), University of California, San Francisco Cardiothoracic Residency (1978-1980),  Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center 1983-2003,Assistant/ Associate Clinical Professor of Surgery, University of Cincinnati 1983-2003, Director Cardiac Surgery Deaconess Hospital Cincinnati 1986-2004, Director of Cardiac Surgery Mercy Hospital 2003-2006, Director of Cardiovascular Services Mercy Health Partners2004-2006, Cardiac, Vascular, and Thoracic Surgeons, Inc.