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Journal and News Scan
Haunschild et al. investigated the effect of cerebrospinal fluid pressure elevation on spinal cord perfusion in a large animal model. They could measure spinal cord perfusion by NIRS and microsphere injections. The spinal perfusion was significantly diminished during elevated cerebrospinal fluid pressure. Furthermore, rapid withdrawal of cerebrospinal fluid was associated with hyperperfusion, which might lead to aggravated ischemia-reperfusion injury and should therefore be avoided.
David et al. examined the durability of mitral repair using using chordal replacement with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures to correct leaflet prolapse.They evaluated 186 patients who underwent isolated chordal replacement, and 560 patients who underwent both leaflet resection and choral replacement.
David et al. note that chordal replacement with expanded polytetrafluoroethylene sutures provides stable mitral valve function in most patients during the 20 years of follow-up.
The study compared long-term results of loop neochord replacement with leaflet resection techniques in 2134 patients undergoing minimally invasive mitral valve repair.
They demonstrated a significant reduction in early mitral regurgitation with the loop technique (on echocardiographyl; p=0.003) when compared with leaflet resection. Additionally, the long-term outcomes were excellent compared with classical leaflet resection techniques (the 1-, 5- and 10-year survival rates were 98 ± 1%, 95 ± 1% and 86 ± 2% for the loop technique versus 97 ± 1%, 92 ± 1% and 81 ± 2% for resection patients, respectively (P = 0.003).
This study investigated fluit overload in cardiac and aortic surgery patients.
Goedhart et al. investigated the effect of different heparin/protamine ratios on the amount of blood transfusions following standard cardiac surgery. In the group of patients receiving 0.6/1 protamine/heparin ratio, the fraction of patients without the need of transfusion was higher and the total blood loss was lower compared to patients treated with a 0.8/1 protamine/heparin ratio. In their patient collective, the 0.6/1 protamine/ heparin ratio proved safe and superior.
This manuscript by Hage et al. retrospectively looks into the outcome of more than 2500 patients undergoing aortic arch replacement within the Canadian Thoracic Aortic Collaborative registry. They analyzed risk factors for mortality and stroke. Antegrade perfusion and perfusion at temperatures higher than 24°C were independent predictors of favorable outcomes. This data should encourage aortic surgeons to execute antegrade perfusion strategies and warmer temperature regimes during circulatory arrest for arch surgery.
There is controversy in the role of less invasive mitral surgery (LIMS) in treating complex mitral pathology. This study uses the STS National Database to compare LIMS vs. sternotomy stratified by pathology in 41,082 patients. The authors found that repair rates were higher with LIMS irrespective of mitral pathology. Stroke rates, atrial fibrillation, pacemaker, renal failure, and length of stay were also shorter with LIMS.
This JANS Note is an editorial in response to a recent publication by Deharo et al comparing TAVR valve-in-valve versus redo-SAVR demonstrating improved short-term outcomes with TAVR ViV. The detail limitations of this study and provide a persuasive argument for the need of a randomized trial comparing both modalities.
The authors analyzed dual antiplatelet use after coronary bypass grafting in patients from 2011 to 2017, and they identified an increase driven by patient demographics.
Aneurysmal ascending aortas were collected from elective aortic surgery, and normal aortas from transplant donors, and dissected aortas from surgery for aortic dissection. These aortas underwent delamination testing in simulation of aortic dissection. Biaxial tensile testing was performed to determine modulus of elasticity (aortic stiffness), and energy loss (a measure of efficiency in performing the Windkessel function). Delamination strength (Sd) was lowest in dissected aortas and highest in normal aortas, and aneurysms fell in between, with greater Sd in the BAV group than the TAV group (P<0.001). Bicuspid aortopathy was associated with greater stiffness (P<0.001), while aneurysms with TAV demonstrated greater energy loss (P<0.001). Increased energy loss was associated with decreased Sd, whereas there was no relationship between Sd and aortic stiffness.
Aneurysms with bicuspid aortic valve had higher delamination strength than those with tricuspid aortic valve, suggesting that bicuspid aortic valve was protective. Energy loss was lower in aneurysms with bicuspid aortic valve, and inversely associated with delamination strength, representing a potential novel biomarker.